Similar architectures could exist, but the exact one the TIS used? Not in a million years, unless somebody was explictly doing it to recreate the game IRL.
Ok, sure. It's only similar to architectures which have existed. I doubt there have been any serious ones which limited you to a dozen instructions at a time :)
There's nothing in the TIS-100 architecture that is unique or unheard of, just things that are left out of it.