Norway has a very long and interesting history regarding natural resource development and stewardship, and lately a huge conversation has been about what is going to come after Oil. Would be very interesting if the answer is rare earth minerals!

I highly recommend a particular paper, entitled "The New Oil" which gives a very good overview of the history of Norwegian resource development:

https://www.idunn.no/doi/pdf/10.18261/issn.1504-2936-2021-01...

Of course that is entirely in Norwegian, so for the anglophones here's a link to a translated version that I did for a friend's blog:

https://slimemoldtimemold.com/2022/05/17/norway-the-once-and...