My fix is to not use dark themes anywhere. When I'm on a website with a dark background I click my "zap colors" bookmarklet which reverses the colors: https://www.squarefree.com/bookmarklets/zap.html
This is an important problem to fix, because the eyes adjust to the dark screen (your pupil opens up), and in fact switching quickly to a bright screen is extremely alerting.
I used to use black terminals, then went to white due to most webpages being white. Switch from black terminal/emacs to a white webpage was just too irritating. (sometimes painful)
[1] http://userstyles.org/styles/71155/georgify-dark-hacker-news