That would be strange, given that the only Google-produced code on my Android-running phone comes from AOSP and has had plenty of eyes (and network sniffers, and firewalls, etc) on it to weed out any such mining.
If you run Google applications (on Android or on iOS or elsewhere) you send data to Google. If you don't want to send data to Google, don't run Google applications. The same goes for Apple applications which phone home to Apple, Microsoft applications to Microsoft, etc.
Android works fine without Google applications ('gapps'). It does not need the Google Services Framework to survive. You don't need the (horribly named) 'play store'. Nor Gmail, Google Maps, Google+, etc. This is one of the big differences between Android and the other bigger players in this field - you have a choice.
